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Home » Blog » Health & Safety » Bolsitas de nicotina: la última alternativa al tabaco que reduce los daños
Bolsitas de nicotina: la última alternativa al tabaco que reduce los daños
En los últimos años, el número mundial de fumadores no ha dejado de disminuir. Según el informe de la OMS sobre las tendencias mundiales del consumo de tabaco, en 2022 habrá aproximadamente 1 de cada 5 adultos que consuman tabaco en el mundo, frente a 1 de cada 3 en 2000. El estudio también calcula que en 2030 el número de consumidores de tabaco seguirá disminuyendo hasta los 1.200 millones, frente a los 1.250 millones actuales.
Entre las razones que explican el descenso del consumo de tabaco se encuentran la mejora de la concienciación en materia de salud pública, las rígidas restricciones del mercado y la prevalencia de nuevos sustitutos del tabaco, como los cigarrillos electrónicos o vaping.
Como todos sabemos, fumar cigarrillos es la forma más peligrosa de consumo de tabaco, responsable de la mitad de las muertes de consumidores. Una de las alternativas más recientes son las bolsitas orales de nicotina, que se introdujeron en 2016 como una herramienta de reducción de daños para los fumadores, en particular los consumidores de cigarrillos.
Table of Contents
Entonces, ¿son las bolsitas de nicotina una alternativa más segura al tabaco?
En este artículo, trataremos esta cuestión comparando las bolsitas de nicotina con el consumo de cigarrillos en cuanto a ingredientes, formas de consumo y efectos sobre la salud humana. Pero antes de profundizar en el tema, debemos comprender los riesgos para la salud del tabaco y las causas que los provocan.
¿Cuáles son los riesgos del tabaco para la salud?
Fumar cigarrillos afecta a todas las partes del cuerpo humano, incluidos los pulmones, el corazón, los vasos sanguíneos, etcétera. Algunas de las enfermedades más graves causadas por el tabaco son el cáncer de pulmón, la EPOC (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica), las cardiopatías, los accidentes cerebrovasculares, el asma, la salud reproductiva en las mujeres, etc.
Por ejemplo, fumar tabaco sigue siendo la principal causa de cáncer de pulmón. Según el informe del Instituto Nacional de Salud, se estima que el tabaquismo es responsable del 90% del riesgo de cáncer de pulmón en los hombres y del 70 al 80% en las mujeres, y es responsable de cerca del 80% de las muertes por esta enfermedad.
Además de causar enfermedades horribles, fumar también puede provocar otros problemas de salud molestos, como el mal aliento, ya que el humo del cigarrillo reseca la boca y favorece la proliferación de bacterias. El mal aliento suele considerarse un horror social, que afecta a la interacción social de una persona.
Además, fumar puede provocar cambios estéticos en el aspecto físico, como la aparición de manchas marrones amarillentas en los dedos por la exposición a las sustancias químicas del alquitrán del tabaco, manchas en los dientes y envejecimiento prematuro, como una textura correosa y arrugas profundas.
En pocas palabras, fumar perjudica nuestra salud de muchas maneras, desde el aumento del riesgo de cáncer y otras enfermedades graves hasta la alteración del aspecto físico de una persona. Estos efectos tan variados dejan claro que dejar de fumar es una de las mejores opciones para el bienestar a largo plazo.
¿Qué hace que fumar sea tan peligroso?
Cuando se habla de los factores de riesgo del tabaquismo, la nicotina suele considerarse la razón principal. En realidad, la nicotina no es la causa principal de las enfermedades y muertes relacionadas con el tabaquismo.
La nicotina, un estimulante que se encuentra en el tabaco, hace que fumar cree adicción. Aunque no es directamente responsable de las enfermedades relacionadas con el tabaquismo, su naturaleza adictiva prolonga la exposición a las sustancias químicas nocivas del tabaco.
En cambio, el verdadero asesino del tabaquismo es el tabaco y el humo del tabaco. La FDA ha elaborado una lista de 93 componentes nocivos y potenciales conocidos (HPHC) en los productos del tabaco y el humo del tabaco.
Algunos de estos 93 HPHC son acetaldehído, acetamida, arsénico, benceno, 1,3-butadieno, cadmio, monóxido de carbono, plomo, nitrosaminas específicas del tabaco, etc.
Según la FDA, hay tres fuentes principales de sustancias químicas nocivas en los cigarrillos.
Algunas sustancias químicas tóxicas, como el cadmio y el plomo, están presentes de forma natural en las plantas de tabaco y se acumulan a medida que éstas crecen.
Otras toxinas, como las nitrosaminas, pueden producirse durante el proceso de fabricación, curado y envejecimiento del tabaco.
La mayoría de las sustancias químicas nocivas se producen al quemar los cigarrillos para liberar humo, que se ha demostrado que contiene más de 70 sustancias químicas cancerígenas.
Todas estas sustancias tóxicas y carcinógenas son responsables de muertes y enfermedades relacionadas con el tabaquismo.
Por lo tanto, mantenerse alejado del tabaco y del humo del tabaco es la mejor opción que pueden tomar los fumadores por el bien de su salud y bienestar. Aquí es donde entran en juego los nuevos productos sin tabaco, como las bolsitas de nicotina, que sustituyen a los cigarrillos y otros productos del tabaco.
¿Son las bolsas de nicotina una alternativa más segura al tabaco?
Como ya se ha mencionado, los principales factores de riesgo del tabaquismo residen en el tabaco y en el humo del tabaco.
A diferencia de los cigarrillos, que contienen tabaco, las bolsitas de nicotina no contienen tabaco. Estas bolsitas similares a las de té sólo contienen nicotina, edulcorantes, aromatizantes y fibras vegetales.
Al no contener tabaco, las bolsitas de nicotina no contienen las toxinas y carcinógenos del tabaco, una de las razones por las que los fabricantes las comercializan como una alternativa más segura a los cigarrillos.
Las bolsitas de nicotina no requieren combustión. Lo que hay que hacer es colocarlas entre la encía y el labio, donde la nicotina se absorbe a través de las membranas mucosas de la boca.
En otras palabras, las bolsas de nicotina no producen las toxinas y sustancias químicas cancerígenas que se generan al quemar tabaco, y que son la principal causa de varias muertes y enfermedades evitables.
En Estados Unidos, por ejemplo, las estadísticas muestran que el consumo de cigarrillos y la exposición al humo del tabaco provocan 480.000 muertes prematuras cada año, de las cuales el 36% mueren de cáncer, el 39% de enfermedades cardiacas y derrames cerebrales, y el 24% de enfermedades pulmonares.
Es decir, los fumadores pueden evitar los riesgos para la salud del tabaco sustituyendo los cigarrillos por bolsas de nicotina.
Las bolsas de nicotina no son adecuadas para los no fumadores
Aunque las bolsitas de nicotina son potencialmente menos perjudiciales que fumar cigarrillos, no están exentas de riesgos, ya que contienen nicotina, y la nicotina en sí tiene algunos riesgos.
La nicotina de las bolsitas de nicotina puede ser sintética o derivada del tabaco, y las bolsitas de nicotina se venden en distintas concentraciones y marcas. Cada sobre puede contener entre 2 y 20 mg de nicotina, o incluso más.
Esto significa que los niveles de nicotina de las bolsitas de nicotina pueden ser comparables a los de los cigarrillos (6-28 mg por cigarrillo) u otros productos de tabaco sin combustión como el snus.
Como todos sabemos, la nicotina es un estimulante altamente adictivo y cualquiera puede volverse adicto a ella. No es recomendable iniciarse en el consumo de nicotina, ya que es uno de los hábitos más difíciles de abandonar.
Además, la nicotina estimula la liberación de epinefrina y norepinefrina en el cuerpo, hormonas que aumentan la presión arterial.
Además, los estudios han demostrado que la nicotina puede cambiar la química de un cerebro en desarrollo, afectando al aprendizaje, la capacidad de atención y la propensión a la adicción. Esto significa que los adolescentes serán más vulnerables a la adicción a la nicotina que los adultos.
En una palabra, los no fumadores, especialmente los adolescentes, no deberían adquirir el hábito de usar bolsas de nicotina.
En conclusión
Dejar de fumar es siempre la mejor opción para todos los fumadores, pero el hecho es que dejar de fumar puede ser uno de los mayores retos a los que se enfrentan los fumadores, principalmente debido a las ansias de nicotina y a los síntomas de abstinencia, que impiden que la mayoría de los fumadores puedan dejarlo.
Por lo tanto, si no está preparado o no puede dejarlo, puede ser una opción razonable buscar una forma menos perjudicial.
Cambiar completamente los cigarrillos por las bolsitas de nicotina puede reducir el riesgo de padecer cánceres, enfermedades cardiacas, pulmonares y muchos otros problemas de salud causados por el tabaco, ya que no contienen toxinas ni carcinógenos relacionados con el tabaco y el humo de los cigarrillos.
Sin embargo, si actualmente no es fumador, no se le recomienda consumir ningún tipo de productos con nicotina porque son adictivos y tienen otros efectos negativos en el cuerpo humano.
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